Gynaecologic Oncology

Gynaecologic Oncology is a specialized field dedicated to the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cancers affecting the female reproductive system. This includes cancers of the cervix, uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, vulva, and vagina.

Among Indian women, cervical cancer, uterine cancer, and ovarian cancer are the most prevalent gynaecological cancers. These cancers are linked to several risk factors, including chronic HPV infection, smoking, compromised immunity, obesity, a sedentary lifestyle, poor dietary habits, and a personal or family history of cancer.

At Gemcare Hospital, we take pride in our expert team of some of the best gynaecologic oncologists in India. Our specialists excel in the management of gynaecological cancers using a comprehensive range of treatment modalities, including surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, and hormone therapy.

Types of Gynaecological Cancers

• Cervical Cancer: Occurs in the lining of the cervix, often associated with persistent HPV infection.
• Ovarian Cancer: Develops in the ovarian cells and can be aggressive if not diagnosed early.
• Uterine (Endometrial) Cancer: Forms in the lining of the endometrium, often linked to hormonal imbalances.
• Vaginal Cancer: Arises in the vaginal lining, and while rare, it requires specialized care for optimal outcomes.
• Vulvar Cancer: Develops in the vulva, the outermost part of the female genitals, and is often associated with factors like HPV infection and chronic irritation.
• Fallopian Tube Cancer: Occurs in the fallopian tubes, which connect the ovaries to the uterus, and can often be overlooked in early stages.

At Gemcare Hospital, our multidisciplinary approach to treating gynaecological cancers ensures that every patient receives individualized care, focused on achieving the best possible outcomes.

Management of Gynaecological Cancers

Managing gynaecological cancers requires a personalized, comprehensive approach, considering the patient’s symptoms, medical history, and specific cancer type. The treatment plan is based on accurate diagnosis, supported by advanced testing methods.

Diagnosis of Gynaecological Cancers

Various diagnostic tests are used to detect and assess gynaecological cancers, ensuring a precise diagnosis and tailored treatment approach:

• Medical History Assessment and Physical Exam: The doctor reviews the patient’s medical history and performs a pelvic exam to check for signs of cancer.
• Pap Test: A screening method for cervical cancer where cells are collected from the cervix to look for abnormalities.
• Biopsy: A procedure that involves taking a small tissue sample from a suspicious area for microscopic examination to confirm the presence of cancer.
• Lab Tests: Blood tests to measure specific tumour markers and assess the function of vital organs.
• Imaging Scans: Ultrasounds, MRIs, and PET-CT scans provide detailed views of pelvic organs and help determine tumour size, location, and potential spread.

Treatment for Gynaecological Cancers

Treatment plans are designed based on the cancer type, stage, and patient’s overall health. The main treatment modalities include:

• Surgery: A key approach for removing tumours, with various types of surgeries available, such as:
  • Salpingo-Oophorectomy (Unilateral/Bilateral): Removal of ovaries and fallopian tubes.
  • Omentectomy: Removal of the omentum (a layer of abdominal tissue).
  • Lymph Node Removal: Removal of lymph nodes that may be affected by cancer.
  • Organ Preservation Surgery: Removing the tumour with a margin of healthy tissue, sparing the organ.
  • Wide Local Excision: Removing the tumour with a small portion of surrounding tissue.
  • Debulking/Cytoreductive Surgery: Removing as much cancerous tissue as possible, followed by chemotherapy or radiation therapy.
  • Hysterectomy (Total/Radical): Removal of the uterus, cervix, and sometimes other surrounding tissues and organs.
• Radiation Therapy: High-energy rays used to shrink or eliminate cancer cells.
• Systemic Therapies:
  • Chemotherapy: Often used in combination with surgery or radiation, chemotherapy uses drugs to destroy cancer cells.
  • Immunotherapy: Boosts the body’s immune system to fight cancer cells.
  • Hormone Therapy: Targets hormone-sensitive cancers, such as certain types of breast or uterine cancers.
  • Targeted Therapy: Focuses on specific molecules involved in cancer growth.